601-602-603.
PAST SIMPLE
El pasado simple en inglés es equivalente al pretérito imperfecto y pretérito indefinido del español. Usamos el pasado simple para acciones completas en el pasado. El período de tiempo de estas acciones no es importante como en el español. En el pasado simple hay verbos regulares y verbos irregulares.
GRAMMATICAL RULES
Para formar el pasado simple con verbos regulares, añadimos la terminación "-ed" al verbo. La forma es la misma para todas personas (I, you, he, she, it, we, they).
Examples:
want → wanted
learn → learned
stay → stayed
walk → walked
show → showed
Para los verbos que terminan en una "e", sólo añadimos "-d.
Examples:
change → changed
believe → believed
Si el verbo termina en una vocal corta y una consonante (excepto "y" o "w"), doblamos la consonante final.
Stop → stopped
Commit → committed
Con verbos que terminan en una consonante y una "y", se cambia la "y" por una "i".
Examples:
study → studied
try → tried
Nota: Hay muchos verbos irregulares en inglés. Desafortunadamente, no hay reglas fijadas para formarlos. A continuación tienes los tres verbos irregulares más comunes y los que actúan como verbos auxiliares.
Verb
|
Past Simple
|
be
|
was (I, he, she, it) / were (you, we, they)
|
do
|
did
|
have
|
had
|
Structure
AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
Examples:
She was a doctor.
The keys were in the drawer.
I wanted to dance.
I wanted to dance.
He learned English.
They believed him.
NEGATIVE SENTENCES
She wasn't a doctor.
The keys weren't in the drawer.
I didn't want to dance.
He didn't learn English.
They didn't believe him.
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
Was she a doctor?
Were the keys in the drawer?
Todos los verbos demás:
Verbo auxiliar ("to do") + sujeto + verbo principal...?
Did you want to dance?
Did he learn English?
Did they believe him?
Como en frases negativas, el verbo auxiliar va en el pasado ("did") y el verbo principal se queda en el infinitivo.
Uses
El pasado simple se utiliza para hablar de una acción concreta que comenzó y acabó en el pasado. En este caso equivale al pretérito indefinido español. Generalmente, lo usamos con adverbios del tiempo como "last year", "yesterday", "last night"...
Tom stayed at home last night.
Kate worked last Saturday.
I didn't go to the party yesterday.
Did they walk to school this morning?
I received the good news and immediately called my husband.
He studied for an hour in the morning, worked all afternoon and didn't return home until 10 at night.
También lo usamos para acciones repetidas o habituales en el pasado
We always traveled to Cancun for vacation when we were young.
He walked 5 kilometers every day to work.
I worked for many years in a museum.
She didn't eat meat for 6 years.
PAST PROGRESSIVE
They + were + eating + in the restaurant on the corner.
SUBJECT VERB TO BE PAST ACTION WITH ING COMPLEMENT
Charlie was taking his English lesson at 6 o'clock.
It was raining yesterday afternoon.
He was working in California.
They were dancing at the party.
She was studying in the classroom.
He was working in California.
They were dancing at the party.
She was studying in the classroom.
NEGATIVE
Charlie wasn´t taking his English lesson at 6 o´clock
INTERROGATIVE
Was Charlie taking his English lesson at 6 o´clock ?
ANSWER AFFIRMATIVE
Yes, Charlie was taking his English lesson at 6 o'clock.
ANSWER NEGATIVE
No, Charlie wasn´t taking his English lesson at 6 o´clock
PRACTICE DIFFERENT SENTENCES IN SIMPLE PAST AND PAST PROGRESSIVE.
Study your English note book.
